What Is a Fire Door? A Complete Guide to Fire Door Types and Their Role in Fire Safety

Discover what a fire door is, explore FD30, FD60, glazed, and solid core fire door types, and learn how each contributes to fire safety in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. When it comes to protecting lives and property from fire, fire doors play a silent but vital role. These specially constructed doors are designed to slow the spread of fire and smoke, buying valuable time for evacuation and emergency response. Whether in homes, offices, or factories, fire doors are an essential component of building safety regulations.

Introduction: Why Fire Doors Matter

When it comes to passive fire protection, fire doors are one of the most critical components. These specially designed doors are built not only to contain fire but to give occupants time to safely evacuate a building.

At Noviak Construction, based in Richmond, London, we specialise in installing and maintaining high-performance fire doors for residential, commercial, and industrial properties. In this article, we’ll explore:

  • What exactly is a fire door?
  • What are the different types available (FD30, FD60, glazed, solid core, etc.)?
  • How each fire door type serves a specific role in fire safety.

What Is a Fire Door?

A fire door is a specialist door set—including the door, frame, seals, and hardware—engineered to withstand fire for a set period of time, usually 30 or 60 minutes. Unlike standard doors, fire doors are built with fire-resistant materials and intumescent seals that expand when exposed to heat, sealing gaps and preventing smoke from escaping.

Key Features of Fire Doors

  • Fire-resistant core materials
  • Intumescent strips that expand when exposed to heat
  • Smoke seals to block toxic gases
  • Certified ironmongery (hinges, closers, latches)
  • Clear fire rating labels indicating compliance

A correctly installed and maintained fire door is a legal requirement in many types of buildings under UK fire safety regulations.

Understanding Fire Door Ratings: FD30 and FD60

Fire doors are given ratings based on how long they can resist fire:

FD30 Fire Doors – 30 Minutes Fire Resistance

  • Designed to withstand fire for up to 30 minutes
  • Ideal for residential settings, especially flats or multi-occupancy buildings
  • Most commonly installed between kitchens and hallways
  • Constructed from solid timber core or engineered composite

FD60 Fire Doors – 60 Minutes Fire Resistance

  • Offers up to 60 minutes of fire protection
  • Typically used in commercial and industrial premises
  • Thicker construction with advanced seals and heavier duty hardware
  • Ideal for plant rooms, stairwells, corridors, or areas requiring longer evacuation time

Glazed Fire Doors – Safety Meets Visibility

Glazed fire doors contain fire-rated glass panels that allow light and visibility without compromising fire protection. These are especially popular in:

  • Office buildings
  • Hospitals
  • Schools
  • Apartment entrances

Is fire glass different from normal glass?

Absolutely. Fire-rated glass can resist intense heat for 30, 60, or even 120 minutes, depending on its type. It won’t shatter or explode under thermal stress like ordinary glass.

Usage Tip: Always ensure that glazing beads and intumescent seals are properly fitted and tested as a whole unit.

Solid Core Fire Doors – Built for Protection

Solid core fire doors are constructed using high-density materials like:

    Solid timber Particleboard Laminated core Mineral core

They form the backbone of most FD-rated doors, especially where glazing is not required. These doors are:

  • Heavier and more durable
  • Preferred in plant rooms, basements, and stairwells
  • Often used in back-of-house areas or high-risk industrial zones

Where Are Fire Doors Used?

Each fire door type has its specific application. Here’s a breakdown by building type:

Residential Buildings (Houses & Flats)

  • FD30 doors between kitchens and corridors
  • Glazed FD30 doors for aesthetic + safety in modern homes
  • FD30 or FD60 front doors for flats in line with Approved Document B (Building Regulations)

Commercial Buildings

Industrial Buildings

  • FD60 or higher in factories and warehouses
  • Solid core fire doors in high-risk zones (boiler rooms, chemical storage)
  • Metal-framed fire doors for robustness

Why Fire Doors Matter

  • 🕒 Delays the spread of flames and smoke, giving occupants more time to evacuate.
  • 🚪 Protects escape routes, especially in multi-storey buildings.
  • 🔒 Compartmentalizes fire, helping firefighters tackle it more efficiently.

Fire doors aren’t just about slowing fire—they’re about saving lives. Here’s how:

Fire Door Installation & Maintenance – What Clients Need to Know

Installing a certified fire door is not just about the door itself. It’s about the entire door set, which includes:

  • Door leaf
  • Frame
  • Hinges
  • Locks & latches
  • Intumescent and smoke seals
  • Closers and vision panels (if applicable)

Poor installation can invalidate the fire certification. That’s why our team at Noviak Construction ensures:

  • Full compliance with BS 476 and BS EN 1634 testing standards
  • All components are tested together
  • Correct gaps between door and frame (usually 2-4mm)
  • Proper labeling and documentation

Annual inspections are legally required in many commercial settings. We also offer fire door inspection and maintenance services across Richmond, Twickenham, Kingston, and Greater London.

FAQs

Are fire doors mandatory in UK homes?
Yes, especially in HMOs, flats, and homes with internal garages or loft conversions. FD30 doors are usually required to separate risk areas.

Can I paint a fire door?
Yes, but only using fire-retardant paint and without altering seals or ironmongery.

How do I know if my fire door is compliant?
Look for:

  • CERTIFIRE label
  • Intumescent strips
  • Gap sizes
  • Self-closing mechanisms

Better yet—book a professional inspection with Noviak Construction.
Conclusion: Invest in Safety with Certified Fire Doors

Fire doors are a crucial line of defense in any fire safety strategy. Whether you’re a homeowner, property manager, or commercial building owner, fire doors are essential for life safety and regulatory compliance.

At Noviak Construction, our expert team delivers certified fire door installation, inspections, and maintenance services throughout Richmond and Greater London. We help you choose the right fire doors — FD30, FD60, glazed, or solid core — to suit your property type and fire strategy.

Need expert advice or a site survey?
👉Contact Noviak Construction today for a free consultation.

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